Try this hydrogen ion concentration calculator to determine the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution when dealing with acids, bases, and pH levels.
Consider a solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl). The calculator would help determine the concentration of H+ ions released when HCl dissociates in water.
Hydrogen Ion Concentration Calculator
| pH | [H+] (mol/L) | Solution Type |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 x 10^(-0) | Strong Acid |
| 1 | 1 x 10^(-1) | Strong Acid |
| 2 | 1 x 10^(-2) | Strong Acid |
| 3 | 1 x 10^(-3) | Strong Acid |
| 3.5 | 3.16 x 10^(-4) | Moderately Acidic |
| 4 | 1 x 10^(-4) | Weak Acid |
| 5 | 1 x 10^(-5) | Weak Acid |
| 6 | 1 x 10^(-6) | Weak Acid |
| 6.5 | 3.16 x 10^(-7) | Weakly Acidic |
| 7 | 1 x 10^(-7) | Neutral |
| 7.5 | 3.16 x 10^(-8) | Weakly Basic |
| 8 | 1 x 10^(-8) | Weak Base |
| 9 | 1 x 10^(-9) | Weak Base |
| 10 | 1 x 10^(-10) | Strong Base |
| 11 | 1 x 10^(-11) | Strong Base |
| 12 | 1 x 10^(-12) | Strong Base |
| 13 | 1 x 10^(-13) | Very Strong Base |
| 14 | 1 x 10^(-14) | Very Strong Base |
Hydrogen Ion Concentration Formula
The formula for hydrogen ion concentration is derived from the equilibrium constant of water (Kw). At 25°C, Kw = 1 x 10^-14.
[H+] = 10^(-pH)Where:
- [H+] represents the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L
- pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration
For instance, if a solution has a pH of 4: [H+] = 10^(-4) = 0.0001 mol/L
This formula demonstrates the inverse relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration. As pH decreases, [H+] increases, and vice versa.
How to Calculate H+ Concentration?
To calculate H+ concentration, follow these steps:
Determine the pH of the solution.
Apply the formula: [H+] = 10^(-pH).
For a solution with pH 3.5: [H+] = 10^(-3.5) [H+] = 3.16 x 10^(-4) mol/L
This calculation reveals that a solution with pH 3.5 has a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.000316 mol/L, indicating a moderately acidic solution.
How do you find the concentration of hydrogen ion on a calculator?
Modern scientific calculators often have built-in functions for exponential calculations, making H+ concentration determination straightforward:
Input the pH value.
Press the 10^x or inv log button.
Press the +/- button to change the sign.
Press equals (=) to get the result.
For pH 6.8:
- Input 6.8.
- Press 10^x.
- Press +/-.
- Press =.
Result: [H+] = 1.58 x 10^(-7) mol/LWhat is H+ ion concentration?
H+ ion concentration refers to the amount of free hydrogen ions in a solution. It’s a key factor in determining a solution’s acidity or alkalinity. The concentration is typically expressed in moles per liter (mol/L).
Pure water at 25°C has an H+ concentration of [H+] = 1 x 10^(-7) mol/L, corresponding to a neutral pH of 7.
- Lower H+ concentrations (< 10^(-7) mol/L) indicate basic solutions.
- Higher H+ concentrations (> 10^(-7) mol/L) indicate acidic solutions.
References
- American Chemical Society. “pH Scale.” https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/adventures-in-chemistry/experiments/ph-scale.html
- Khan Academy. “pH, pOH, and the pH scale.” https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/acids-and-bases-topic/acids-and-bases/a/ph-poh-and-the-ph-scale
- Royal Society of Chemistry. “pH Measurement.” https://edu.rsc.org/resources/ph-measurement/1573.article
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