The normality to molarity calculator takes into account the number of equivalents in a solution, which is crucial since normality depends on the number of replaceable hydrogen atoms or electrons involved in reactions.
When working with acids like H₂SO₄, the calculator considers that one mole can donate two hydrogen ions, affecting its normality value.
Consider converting a 2N H₂SO₄ solution:
- The calculator would factor in that H₂SO₄ has 2 replaceable H⁺ ions
- Input: 2N H₂SO₄
- Calculator processes: N = M × n (where n = number of H⁺ ions)
- Output: 1M H₂SO₄
Normality To Molarity Calculator
| Substance | Normality (N) | Equivalent Factor (Eq) | Calculated Molarity (M) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) | 1.5 N | 1 | 1.5 M |
| Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) | 3.0 N | 2 | 1.5 M |
| Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) | 2.0 N | 1 | 2.0 M |
| Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) | 4.0 N | 2 | 2.0 M |
| Nitric Acid (HNO₃) | 0.75 N | 1 | 0.75 M |
| Custom Acid (Eq Factor: 1.5) | 3.0 N | 1.5 | 2.0 M |
| Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) | 5.0 N | 1 | 5.0 M |
Normality To Molarity Conversion Chart
| Compound | Normality (N) | Equivalents (n) | Molarity (M) |
|---|---|---|---|
| HCl | 2.0 | 1 | 2.0 |
| H₂SO₄ | 3.0 | 2 | 1.5 |
| H₃PO₄ | 6.0 | 3 | 2.0 |
| KMnO₄ | 5.0 | 5 | 1.0 |
| Ca(OH)₂ | 4.0 | 2 | 2.0 |
| NaOH | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0 |
| K₂Cr₂O₇ | 2.0 | 6 | 0.333 |
| Mg(OH)₂ | 3.0 | 2 | 1.5 |
| NH₄Cl | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0 |
| FeCl₃ | 3.0 | 3 | 1.0 |
| HNO₃ | 4.0 | 1 | 4.0 |
| Na₂CO₃ | 2.0 | 2 | 1.0 |
| Ba(OH)₂ | 2.0 | 2 | 1.0 |
| H₂C₂O₄ (Oxalic Acid) | 1.0 | 2 | 0.5 |
Normality To Molarity Conversion Formula
N = M × nWhere:
- N = Normality
- M = Molarity
- n = Number of equivalents (H⁺ ions for acids, OH⁻ ions for bases, or electrons transferred)
To convert from normality to molarity:
M = N ÷ nConverting a 3N H₃PO₄ to molarity:
- H₃PO₄ has 3 replaceable H⁺ ions (n = 3)
- M = 3N ÷ 3
- M = 1 mol/L
How to Convert Normality To Molarity?
- Identify the compound and determine its number of equivalents
- Note the given normality value
- Apply the conversion formula: M = N ÷ n
- Calculate the final molarity value
Converting a 4N KMnO₄ in an acidic medium:
- KMnO₄ transfers 5 electrons in acidic medium (n = 5)
- Given normality = 4N
- M = 4 ÷ 5
- M = 0.8 mol/L
What is the Molarity of 1N HCl?
For hydrochloric acid (HCl), the conversion HCl has only one replaceable hydrogen ion (n = 1).
Therefore:
M = N ÷ 1
M = 1 ÷ 1
M = 1 mol/LThis means that 1N HCl is equivalent to 1M HCl, making it a unique case where normality equals molarity.
Is Normality Always Equal to Molarity?
No, normality is not always equal to molarity. They are equal only when:
- The compound has one replaceable H⁺ ion (like HCl)
- The compound transfers one electron in redox reactions
- The compound has one OH⁻ ion in bases
For H₂SO₄:
- 1M H₂SO₄ = 2N H₂SO₄ (because n = 2)
- The normality is twice the molarity due to two replaceable H⁺ ions.
What is the Normality of 1M H₂SO₄ Solution?
For sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄):
- Number of replaceable H⁺ ions = 2
- Given molarity = 1M
- Using N = M × n
- N = 1 × 2
- N = 2
The 1M H₂SO₄ has a normality of 2N.
References:
- Journal of Chemical Education: https://pubs.acs.org/journal/jceda8
- American Chemical Society: https://www.acs.org/education
- Royal Society of Chemistry: https://www.rsc.org/resources-tools/education
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