The Saponification value calculator is an essential in soap making and oil quality analysis that determines the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to saponify one gram of fat or oil.
If an oil has a saponification value of 195, it means that 195 mg of KOH is needed to completely saponify 1 gram of that particular oil.
Saponification Value Calculator
| Oil Type | Weight (g) | SAP Value (mg KOH/g) | KOH Required (g) | NaOH Required (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olive Oil | 500 | 192 | 96.0 | 68.5 |
| Coconut Oil | 300 | 262 | 78.6 | 56.1 |
| Palm Oil | 200 | 199 | 39.8 | 28.4 |
| Castor Oil | 250 | 176 | 44.0 | 31.4 |
| Shea Butter | 100 | 180 | 18.0 | 12.9 |
| Sunflower Oil | 400 | 188 | 75.2 | 53.7 |
| Avocado Oil | 150 | 187.5 | 28.125 | 20.1 |
| Almond Oil (Sweet) | 250 | 192.3 | 48.1 | 34.4 |
| Sesame Oil | 300 | 187.9 | 56.37 | 40.3 |
| Jojoba Oil | 100 | 69.5 | 6.95 | 4.96 |
| Rosehip Oil | 200 | 193 | 38.6 | 27.6 |
| Cocoa Butter | 250 | 192 – 200 | ~48 – ~50 | ~34 – ~35 |
| Canola Oil | 300 | 182 – 193 | ~54.6 – ~57.9 | ~39 – ~41 |
| Linseed Oil | 250 | 188 – 196 | ~47 – ~49 | ~33 – ~35 |
| Peanut Oil | 200 | 187 -196 | ~37.4 – ~39.2 | ~26.8 – ~27.9 |
Saponification Values of Common Oils
| Oil Type | SAP Value (mg KOH/g) | Unsaponifiable Matter (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Coconut Oil | 248 – 265 | 0.1 – 1.4 |
| Palm Oil | 190 – 209 | < 1.4 |
| Olive Oil | 184 – 196 | 0.4 – 1.1 |
| Canola Oil | 182 – 193 | < 0.2 |
| Cocoa Butter | 192 – 200 | 0.2 – 1 |
| Corn Oil | 187 – 195 | 1 – 3 |
| Cottonseed Oil | 189 – 207 | < 2 |
| Peanut Oil | 187 – 196 | 0.2 – 4.4 |
| Sunflower Oil | 189 – 195 | 0.3 – 1.2 |
| Soybean Oil | 187 – 195 | 1.5 – 2.5 |
| Palm Kernel Oil | 230 – 254 | < 1 |
| Avocado Oil | 133.7 | Not specified |
| Jojoba Oil | 69.5 | Not specified |
| Lard | 192 – 203 | < 10 |
| Fish Oil | 179 – 200 | 0.6 – 3 |
| Shea Butter | 170 – 190 | 6 – 17 |
| Castor Oil | 176 – 185 | Not specified |
| Linseed Oil | 188 – 196 | 0.1 – 2 |
Saponification Value Calculation Formula
The saponification value is calculated using the formula:
SV = [(B - S) × N × 56.1] / WWhere:
- B = Volume of HCl used for blank titration (mL)
- S = Volume of HCl used for sample titration (mL)
- N = Normality of HCl
- 56.1 = Molecular weight of KOH
- W = Weight of oil sample (g)
Let’s say we have:
- Blank titration (B) = 25.0 mL
- Sample titration (S) = 10.5 mL
- Normality of HCl (N) = 0.5
- Weight of sample (W) = 2.0 g
SV = [(25.0 - 10.5) × 0.5 × 56.1] / 2.0 = 203.6 mg KOH/gHow to Calculate Saponification Value?
The process involves several steps:
- Sample Preparation:
- Weigh approximately 2g of oil sample
- Add 25mL of alcoholic KOH solution
- Heat under reflux for 30 minutes
- Titration:
- Cool the solution
- Add phenolphthalein indicator
- Titrate with 0.5N HCl until endpoint
- Blank Test:
- Perform the same procedure without oil
- Record volume used
- Final Calculation: Apply the formula mentioned above
What is 56.1 in Saponification Value?
The number 56.1 represents the molecular weight of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in g/mol. This constant is crucial in the saponification value formula because:
- It converts the titration results to KOH equivalent
- Ensures standardized measurements across different laboratories
- Provides consistency in soap formulation calculations
When calculating the amount of KOH needed for 100g of oil with SV of 195: Amount of KOH = (195 × 100) / 1000 = 19.5g
What is the SAP Value for Saponification?
Typical SAP Value Ranges:
- Low (175-185): Long-chain fatty acids
- Medium (195-205): Medium-chain fatty acids
- High (245-255): Short-chain fatty acids
The SAP value (Saponification value) varies for different oils and fats. It indicates:
The average molecular weight of all fatty acids present
The purity of the oil or fat
The amount of alkali needed for complete saponification
How to Calculate NaOH in Soap?
To calculate the required amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for soap making:
- Multiply the oil weight by its SAP value
- Convert KOH SAP value to NaOH by multiplying by 0.71403
NaOH required = Oil weight × SAP value × 0.71403For 1000g of coconut oil (SAP value 262): NaOH required = 1000 × 262 × 0.71403 / 1000 = 187.1g
References:
- Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society: https://www.springer.com/journal/11746
- International Journal of Food Properties: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ljfp20/current
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